Brigadier General William Thompson House

First Colonel of the United States Army

William Thompson was a veteran of the French and Indian War and a Continental Army officer whose reputation reflected both the intensity and brutality of frontier warfare. Born in Ireland in 1736, Thompson emigrated to Carlisle in 1755. Between wars, Thompson served as a Justice of the Peace for Cumberland County and was elected to the Pennsylvania General Assembly. In 1775, he accepted a commission to serve as the first Colonel in the Army of the United Colonies, later the Continental Army, and led Pennsylvania’s first troop–known as Thompson’s Rifle Battalion–in the Revolutionary War. On March 1, 1776, Congress appointed him Brigadier General. 

 

Thompson’s Carlisle residence connects the town to military campaigns along Pennsylvania’s western frontier during the Revolution. Thompson’s career highlights the complexities of Revolutionary leadership, reminding visitors that the war involved difficult choices and morally challenging strategies as the new nation struggled to survive. 

Address: 461 Dyarman Road, Carlisle, PA 17015

Access Notes: The former house of Brigadier General William Thompson is a private home and is not open to the public. You may view it from the street only.  

 

Visitor Tips: Please respect the private property of the current homeowners and view from the road only.  

Patriot’s Story: Brigadier General William Thompson 

1736-1781 

 

William Thompson was born in Ireland and emigrated in 1755 to Carlisle, PA. He served as an officer in the French and Indian War, after which he became a business and civic leader in Cumberland County. On June 25, 1775, Thompson accepted a commission from Congress as the first Colonel of the Army of the United Colonies. His unit, originally known as Thompson’s Rifle Battalion, quickly distinguished themselves during the Siege of Boston in 1775–1776. Their sharpshooting skills were critical in harassing British troops and maintained pressure on British positions, eventually forcing the British to evacuate Boston. Recognized for his leadership and effectiveness, Thompson was promoted to Brigadier General in March 1776 and took command of a relief expedition against Canada. On June 8, 1776, the British captured him while leading Continental forces at the Battle of Three-Rivers near Quebec. He was not officially exchanged until October 25, 1780, and he died in ill health on September 3, 1781. He is buried in the Old Carlisle Cemetery on East South Street.

Resources 


Credits & Permissions 

Content in this section was curated by volunteers from the Army Heritage Center Foundation.   

The U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center

Preserving over 250 years of Army soldier stories.

The U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center (USAHEC) serves as the U.S. Army’s premier archive, library, and research center, preserving the documentary foundations of American military history from the Revolutionary War to present day. USAHEC’s Visitor and Education Center, with its many museum exhibitions and its outdoor Army Heritage Trail are free and open to the public.  

 

USAHEC’s campus occupies land deeply connected to Carlisle’s long military history, stretching from the Revolutionary era to the present. While the modern facility interprets centuries of Army experience, its location reflects Carlisle’s earliest role as a hub for training, supply, and organization during America’s fight for independence. 

 

For the Revolutionary War period, USAHEC’s collections illuminate not only how the war was fought, but also how the Continental Army was created, organized, sustained, and professionalized. Many of those processes unfolded in places like Carlisle.  

 

Outdoor exhibits and walking paths allow visitors to place Revolutionary War stories within a broader military continuum. The Army Heritage Trail at USAHEC contains a replica of Redoubt Number 10 from the Battle of Yorktown, where the war ended. By connecting early citizen-soldiers with later generations of service members, the site emphasizes how ideas forged during the Revolution—duty, sacrifice, and civic responsibility—continue to shape the United States Army and the nation it serves. 

 

In commemoration of America’s and the Army’s 250th birthdays, USAHEC’s most recent exhibit titled This We’ll Defend displays examples of 250 years of Army history. 

Address: 950 Soldiers Drive, Carlisle, PA 17013 

 

Access Notes: The USAHEC Exhibits are open regular hours on Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, and Veterans Day. The facility is closed all other Federal Holidays.  Open:

  • Monday – Saturday, 10 am to 5 pm 

  • Sunday, 12 noon to 5 pm 

 

Visiting Tips: Ample free parking. Allow at least one hour. Outdoor exhibits are weather dependent. Docents are often available. A visit to USAHEC pairs naturally with:

  • Carlisle Barracks / Washingtonburg – where Revolutionary systems of training and discipline took physical form

  • Cumberland County Historical Society – to compare Army-held records with civilian and local perspectives

  • Thomas Butler’s Gun Shop – to connect institutional logistics with artisan-level survival and supply

  • James Wilson sites – to explore how Revolutionary military authority fit within emerging constitutional law

 

Together, these sites allow visitors to move from individual experience → local infrastructure → national institutions, a hallmark of Patriot’s Path interpretation.

USAHEC’s holdings related to the American Revolution emphasize structure, leadership, and institutional memory, offering insight into how a collection of colonial militias became a national army.

 

Continental Army Organization & Leadership

The collections contain printed works, correspondence, and later transcriptions that document:

  • The creation of the Continental Army

  • Officer responsibilities and command culture

  • Early debates over discipline, rank, promotion, and authority

 

These materials help explain how Revolutionary leaders grappled with balancing republican ideals and military necessity.

 

Training, Drill, and Military Professionalism

USAHEC preserves manuals, treatises, and later interpretive materials related to:

  • 18th-century drill and tactics

  • European military influences on American forces

  • The professional standards Washington and his officers sought to impose

 

This material pairs especially well with Carlisle Barracks’ role as a training and mustering center.

 

Logistics, Supply, and the “Hidden War”

One of USAHEC’s greatest contributions to Revolutionary interpretation is its documentation of the non-glamorous mechanics of war, including:

  • Supply systems and quartermaster functions

  • Army administration and recordkeeping

  • The challenges of provisioning soldiers inland, far from ports

 

These sources underscore the reality that independence depended as much on organization and endurance as on battlefield victories.

 

USAHEC also holds:

  • Early Army histories and commemorative works

  • 19th- and early 20th-century interpretations of the Revolutionary War

  • Biographical materials on Revolutionary officers preserved as part of Army institutional memory

 

These items allow visitors and researchers to explore how the Army has remembered its own origins—and how that memory has evolved over time.

Resources 

 

Credits & Permissions 

Content in this section was curated by volunteers from the Army Heritage Center Foundation.  

Carlisle Old Courthouse (Courthouse Square)

Epicenter of historical events since 1751.

Imagine having a front-row seat to over 275 years of history! Located in the heart of downtown Carlisle, Courthouse Square serves as the historic, civic, and judicial center of Cumberland County since its founding in 1751. This spot has been the epicenter of major historical events, ranging from colonial peace treaties with Native American chiefs in 1753 to pivotal Underground Railroad clashes.  Today, the site represents a living, walkable, and vibrant historic area in the center of town. 

Address: 2 Courthouse Square, Carlisle, PA 17013 (Old Courthouse). 

Access Notes: Currently owned by the Cumberland County Government (Old Courthouse). The exterior of the courthouse and monuments are visible 24/7. The interior of the Old Courthouse is generally open Monday–Friday, 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., though the interior courtroom may be closed for official business. 

Visitor Tips: The area is located directly at the intersection of Hanover and High Streets. Metered street parking is available, and there are municipal lots nearby. It is a highly walkable area near several restaurants and shops, including Denim Coffee, the Hamilton, History on High, and many more.

Timeline: 

  • 1751: Town of Carlisle laid out, with the center designated for the courthouse and market. 

  • 1753: Indian Conference held on the square with Benjamin Franklin. 

  • 1846: Present Old Courthouse built. 

  • 1847: The McClintock Riot occurred, a major Underground Railroad event, in front of the courthouse. 

  • July 1, 1863: Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart shells the town. 

  • 1871: Soldiers’ Monument dedicated. 

  • 1952: Old Market House razed. 

Resources 

 

Credits & Permissions 

Information sourced from the Cumberland County Historical Society, Cumberland Valley Visitors Bureau, and ExplorePAHistory.com by the volunteers from the Army Heritage Center Foundation who curated this section.  

Historic information provided via House Divided Project at Dickinson College.   

 

Images provided by the Cumberland Valley Visitors Bureau

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250 years of Army Soldier Stories

The Army Heritage Center Foundation shares the stories of U.S. Army soldiers from all eras, fostering understanding and building meaningful connections between the military and civilian communities. We accomplish this through public outreach activities like community-building, resource-sharing, education, and philanthropic investments in the preservation of Army history. As a private, nonprofit, non-Federal entity, AHCF is not affiliated with the Department of Defense and has no governmental status. 

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